Laminar flow defines the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where elements move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. That occurs when a fluid's rate is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each strata of liquid advances smoothly past its concurrent layer without

From autonomous machines performing everyday tasks to advanced companions offering emotional support, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a dramatic transformation. Despite robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these innovations into the mainstream. With